基于数据挖掘技术的国际铁路工程估价分析

国际铁路工程估价是国际铁路工程管理领域正确进行投标报价及决策的重要依据。针对国际铁路工程估价相关数据特征分析,提出将数据挖掘(Data Mining)技术应用于国际铁路工程估价过程的基本运作模式和工作程序,并建立了相应的估价流程模式图,为国际铁路工程估价方法提供一个新的思路。     

Literature-related discovery (LRD): Methodology

Literature-related discovery (LRD) is linking two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge. LRD has two components: Literature-based discovery (LBD) generates potential discovery through literature analysis alone, whereas literature-assisted discovery (LAD) generates potential discovery through a combination of literature analysis and interactions among selected literature authors. In turn, there are two types of LBD and LAD: open discovery systems (ODS), where one starts with a problem and arrives at a solution, and closed discovery systems (CDS), where one starts with a problem and a solution, then determines the mechanism(s) that links them.The generic methodology for identifying potential discovery candidates through ODS LRD, focusing mainly on its ODS LBD component, is described in this paper. A comprehensive flow chart showing the details of our systematic potential discovery generation process, including the evolution of the flow chart steps through each of the studies performed, is presented. Also shown is a vetting procedure that insures potential discoveries claimed are potential discoveries realized. The semantic filters that replace the numerical filters of other ODS LBD approaches are overviewed. The rationale for addressing the five topics studied (Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), Cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP)) is summarized.     

Diversification strategies and failure rates in the Texas lodging industry: Franchised versus company-operated hotels

This research examines the relationship between geographic, brand, and segment diversification and hotel failure rates based on ownership structure, i.e. franchised and company-operated hotels, in the Texas lodging industry. Literature on diversification strategies is mainly based on financial measures of performance and offers mixed results; only few studies have assessed firm failure rates directly based on distinct diversification strategies at the establishment level. The performance outcomes are significantly heterogeneous not only based on the strategies, but also on the ownership structures, which are yet to be examined. Using data from the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts from 2000 to 2018, a semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model is estimated, and the findings reveal that failure rates are not significantly tied to particular types of diversification and ownership structures. This research provides insights on hotel diversification strategies and their relative dominance on hotel failure rates based on franchised and company-operated hotels.     

国有矿业权转让利益相关者分类研究

国有矿业权转让中存在众多的利益相关者,这些利益相关者明显来自不同的群体,按照米切尔和伍德提出的八类利益相关者分类方法分类后发现,这些利益相关者存在错位和定位不明确的现象、存在严重的利益冲突,必须通过合理设置权限、平衡利益关系等利益相关者管理办法加以解决.     

信息替换、制度变迁与金融风险

本运用信息经济学和制度经济学的基本原理,阐述了金融风险的经济学逻辑,并说明了金融风险与制造度变迁是如何相互推进的。     

Empirical Analyses of Extreme Value Models for the South African Mining Index

While the classical normality assumption is simple to implement, it is well known to underestimate the leptokurtic behaviour demonstrated in most financial data. After examining properties of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Mining Index returns, we propose two extreme value models to fit its negative tail with a higher degree of accuracy. The generalised extreme value distribution (GEVD) is fitted using the block maxima approach, while the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) is fitted using the peaks‐over‐threshold method. Numerical assessment of value‐at‐risk (VaR) estimates indicates that both GEVD and GPD increasingly outperform the normal distribution as we move further into the lower tail. In addition, GEVD produces lower estimates relative to that of the historical VaR, and GPD provides slightly more conservative estimates for adequate capitalisation.     

Reliable product-service supply chains for repairable products

A mathematical model is developed for integrated flow planning in forward and after-sales supply chains of a company supplying repairable product-warranty packages to markets. Ignoring their interactions, these two supply chains are usually planned separately in literature. We consider demand- and supply-side variations in pre- and after-sales demands and qualified outflow of the SCs’ facilities. We show that to neutralize the impact of variations, orders should be amplified by moving from the downstream to the upstream of chains. Results of an example from the gear industry show what interdependencies exist between the company’s retail price, service levels, and warranty strategies.     

企业开放式创新社区创意采纳影响因素研究——价值共创视角

从价值共创视角出发，基于信号传递理论，整合消费者使用企业产品创造价值、消费者与消费者互动创造价值、企业与消费者互动创造价值3个层面，探讨开放式创新社区中创意采纳影响因素。通过对小米MIUI社区创意的文本挖掘与实证分析发现，消费者使用企业产品创造价值层面，创意信息熵和情感强度正向影响创意采纳，创意长度负向影响创意采纳；消费者互动创造价值层面，支持量正向影响创意采纳，浏览量和评论量负向影响创意采纳；企业与消费者互动创造价值层面，企业回复信息熵和回复情感强度与创意采纳呈正相关，企业回复长度与创意采纳呈负相关。由此，建议企业规范消费者创意提出形式，注重需求一致性与异质性带来的市场需求信号，通过有效回复策略提升消费者创意质量，从而形成促进价值共创的良性循环。     

An innovative method to optimize the maintenance policies in an aircraft: General framework and case study

Maintenance policies applied to aircrafts are governed by a mix of airworthiness authorities’ regulations and choices of suppliers and users. This allows airlines to use different strategies to minimize the total costs of maintenance. In this paper, a new approach that integrates the failure and reparation processes, such as modelling, optimization algorithms, and simulation methods, is proposed to define the best maintenance strategies for complex systems.A case study of an airline carrier is presented. In particular, several critical components for the A320 aircraft family are considered. The impact of the spare parts inventory management is discussed. Different preventive maintenance policies are tested and simulated. With the new policies, the average availability of the aircraft is satisfactory and the total annual cost is reduced to a value of approximately 20% in comparison with the previous policies adopted by the company.     

Rapid capacity expansions and failure: A trap for new airline entrants?

This paper investigates whether fast capacity expansions as a means to narrow cost differentials between a de novo airline entrant and established incumbents helps or hinders the survival of the entrant. Evidence from a longitudinal sample of new entrants in the European passenger airline industry showed that these firms exhibited higher failure risks after rapidly expanding capacity. Further, high product market overlap with an established incumbent reduced the probability of new entrants undertaking such expansions, in turn reducing the probability of failure.